Emotions essays

Emotions essays Emotions have helped humans evolve and survive by changing the way we react to and think about our environment. Positive and negative emotions create patterned responses in both individuals and in whole societies. Emotions can help people understand the world, including other human beings, better; they can also distort perceptions. Fear probably influences human evolution more than any other emotion. For example, early humans quickly learned that some large mammals posed direct threats to themselves and their families. By creating a "fight or flight" response, fear helped prehistoric peoples survive and thrive in the midst of natural threats and disasters. Fear also contributed in large part to the development of religion, as the contemplation of the universe induced a sense of awe and wonder at the universe. Unfortunately, the emotion of fear also created divisions between different tribes and ethnic groups. This expression of fear greatly influenced the way in which different peoples evolved and different cultures either flourished or died out. Most wars have been fought based on emotional responses, especially fear and anger. Anger, a natural response to situations that are unexpected, irritating, or potentially harmful, also helps human survive and evolve. Anger affects all interpersonal relationships and can cause rifts and strife among communities and cultures. However, love and attraction has had a similar effect on human evolution. Interracial marriages affect the evolution of humanity on biological and cultural levels. Mutual respect and admiration for foreign cultures and people has contributed to human evolution in the same way that fear and anger has. Love most obviously contributes to human survival by ensuring the continuation of the species, as males and females feel emotional and sexual attractions for one another. A wide range of human emotions, ma...

Shroud of Torin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Shroud of Torin - Research Paper Example Shroud of Turin The Shroud of Turin is a linen cloth that bears the image of a tortured and crucified person and that is believed by many people to be the actual cloth that wrapped Jesus Christ during his burial. The authenticity of the Shroud of Turin has been a subject of a very controversial debate; the proponents of the Shroud of Turin argue that the Shroud of Turin is indeed the real cloth that Jesus Christ of Nazareth was wrapped in during his burial, while the critiques of the Shroud of Turin on the other hand dismiss the Shroud of Turin as a medieval Christian hoax meant to win Christianity more converts (Stapylton, 2003). This paper looks at the history of the Shroud of Turin, and also at the controversies that characterize the history of the Shroud. And since the History of the Shroud of Turin is too broad to be covered in this paper, the paper focuses on the highlights of the history of the Shroud of Turin. At the end of the paper, an objective conclusion is made based on the history and the debates on the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin. For better analysis of the history of the Shroud of Turin, the history of the Shroud of Turin can be divided into two periods. The first period is before the year 1350, and the second period is after the year 1350. Researchers are agreed that the year 1350 is the beginning of the documented history of the Shroud of Turin (Shroud History, n.d.). But the period before 1350 is quite controversial; some scholars are of the view that the Shroud of Turin existed even before 1350 while other scholars, basing their evidence on Carbon dating, believe that the origin of the Shroud of Turin can be traced in the medieval period. But before we get into the debate of the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin, let us first look at the documented history of the Shroud of Turin. The following are the significant events in the history of the Shroud of Turin as documented by the Shroud Historian Ian Wilson (1978). According to the d ocumented history of the Shroud, Geoffrey de Charny, a French knight, is mentioned as the person who was first found with the Shroud of Turin (Wilson, 1978). In the year 1349, Geoffrey had written to pope Clement V1 expressing his wish to build a church in honour of the Holy Trinity. Geoffrey had been a prisoner of the English and he claimed that the Holy Trinity had miraculously saved him from the English prison. The pope gave him the permission to build the church and Geoffrey built it at Lirey in France. Geoffrey is said to have been in possession of the Shroud of Turin during this time and he kept the Shroud in the Church that he built at Lirey. Some people have argued that Geoffrey had got the Shroud from Constantinople; while other people disagree with this view (Shroud History, n.d). The first public exposition of the Shroud of Turin was done in 1355 at the church that Geoffrey had built at Lirey in France. Bishop Henri, however, was quite sceptical of the Shroud and he order ed that the expositions be halted. The expositions were halted and the Shroud was hidden away. In the year 1356, Geoffrey and his wife died, but the Shroud remained in the family of Geoffrey. In the year 1389, King Charles V1 of France requested the bailiff of Troyes to seize the Shroud at lirey and deposit in another church in Lirey waiting further decisions on the Shroud from the king (Shroud History,

A Report Comparing Employee Salaries at Mama Mia and Pasta Roma Essay

A Report Comparing Employee Salaries at Mama Mia and Pasta Roma Restaurants - Essay Example While the two restaurants are largely similar in terms of products and services offered and thus requires similar efforts from their employees, observations seems to indicate that employees in the two restaurants do not enjoy comparable salaries. This report aims to investigate this issue and provide statistical evidence that would prove or disprove the comparability of salary packages awarded to the employees of the two restaurants. Procedure Information was gathered on the salaries that employees from the two restaurants receive. Upon collecting these data, they were subjected to statistical analysis using the appropriate computer software. Pertinent statistical data of interest regarding employee salaries were: Shape of the distribution, Mean, Median, Minimum value, Maximum value, Range, Lower quartile value (Q1), Upper quartile value (Q3), Semi-interquartile range (SIR), Standard deviation, and Total Salaries. In addition, the number of employees were also noted. The results are presented in Table 1 below. Findings Table 1. Summary of Descriptive Statistics on the Salaries of Mama Mia and Pasta Roma Employees.    MAMA MIA ROMA PASTA Shape of distribution Positively skewed Negatively skewed Mean salary PW ?550 ?553 Median salary PW ?470 ?540 Min ?199 ?450 Max ?901 ?800 Range ?702 ?350 Q1( lower quartile) ?300 ?510 Q3(upper quartile) ?670 ?590 SIR ?185 ?40 Standard deviation ?117 ?66 Number of employees 248 196 Total Salaries ?116560 ?105840 Discussion and Analysis of Results The mean salary of employees from Mama Mia was ?  550 per week while Roma Pasta employees earn an average of ?553 per week. However, since the distributions are skewed, the median is the best measure to use in describing the average salaries of the employees. Looking at the data, we see that fifty percent of Mama Mia employees earned less than ?470 per week while 50% of Roma Pasta employees earned less than ?540 per week. These values indicate that more Roma Pasta employees are getti ng higher salaries than Mama Mia employees. In addition, the salary range of Mama Mia employee salaries is ?702 with a minimum salary of ?199 and ?901 while the salary range of Pasta Roma employee salaries is ?350 with a minimum salary of ?450 and a maximum salary of ?800. A further look into the results indicate that Q1 or the lower quartile employees for Mama Mia’s earn ?300 while lower quartile employees for Pasta Roma earn ?510. This means that 25% of Mama Mia’s employees have salaries of less than ?300 while 25% of Pasta Roma employees have salaries of less than ?510. Considering that the minimum salary received by Pasta Roma employees is ?450, this result suggests that even low-level Pasta Roma employees are being paid better than the low-level Mama Mia’s employees. Furthermore, Q3 or employees belonging to the upper quartile for Mama Mia’s earn ?670 while employees belonging to the upper quartile for Pasta Roma earn ?590. This time, we notice that the upper level employees of Mama Mia’s are actually paid better than the upper level employees of Pasta Roma. Thus, the middle 50% of Mama Mia’s employees earn ? 300 - ? 670 while the middle 50% of Pasta Roma employees earn ?510 - ?590. Factoring in the semi-interquartile range (SIR) of both groups, we see that Mama Mia’s has a high dispersion of the middle 50% of salaries about the median, given at ?185, while Pasta Roma has a low dispersion of the middle 50% of salaries about the median, given at ?40. In addition, the standard deviation of ?117 indicates a large amount of dispersion about the mean for Mama Mia’s while the standard deviation of ?66 indicates a relatively smaller amount of dispers

The International Product Life Cycle Model Theory Economics Essay

The International Product Life Cycle Model Theory Economics Essay The intent of Vernon, International Product Life Cycle model (IPLC) was to advance trade theory beyond David Ricardos static framework of comparative advantages. In 1817, Ricardo came up with a simple economic experiment to explain the benefits to any country that was engaged in international trade even if it could produce all products at the lowest cost and would seem to have no need to trade with foreign partners. He showed that it was advantageous for a country with an absolute advantage in all product categories to trade and allows its work force to specialise in those categories with the highest added value. Vernon focused on the dynamics of comparative advantage and drew inspiration from the product life cycle to explain how trade patterns change over time. New products are manufactured, produced and consumed in the developed (inventing) countries. Then, other high-income countries import it. Production spreads to other advanced countries. The standardised product begins to be produced out of advanced countries into low-wage nation. Advanced countries import it from the low wage countries and Next generation product invented in the advanced countries. Globalisation- Business Environment The tremendous growth of international trade over the past several decades has been both a primary cause and effect of globalization. The volume of world trade since 1950 has increased twenty-fold from $320 billion to $6.8 trillion.1 This increase in the trade of manufactured goods exceeds the increase in the rate of the production of these goods by three times. As a result, consumers around the world now enjoy a broader selection of products than ever before. Additionally, a whole host of U.S. government agencies and international institutions has been established to help manage the ever-growing flow of goods, services, and capital. Although increased international trade has spurred tremendous economic growth across the globe raising incomes, creating jobs, reducing prices, and increasing workers earning power trade can also bring about certain kinds of economic, political, and social disruption. Because the global economy is so interconnected, when large economies suffer recessions, the effects are felt around the world. Trade decreases, and domestic jobs and businesses are lost. In the same way that globalization can be a boon for international trade; it can also have a crushing impact(www.globalization101.org) Offshoreing trend lower wages The shift of productive capacity from the advanced countries to poor countries can be viewed as a commonality of interest among advanced country business groups and Third World elites, who act in concert against workers both in the U. S. and in developing countries. It can also be viewed as a strategy to change the balance of power between Capital and Labour. By shifting production to jurisdictions which favour Capital, owners gain a larger share of revenue and power, while workers everywhere suffer Multinational enterprises (MNEs) had provided huge number of the employment in countries like Indonesian, Vietnam. It not only solves the countries unemployment rate furthermore it will increase the country GDP and lead to the industrialization process of the country by learning the technical know-hows and other industrial automation process. Countries Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flow will increase; it will improve the exchange and currency rates .Good Employment opportunities directs to better living standard and high purchasing power. Nevertheless, the poor wages, Vietnam and low wage nations can welcome the offshore trend and implement the foreign policies accordingly. Over the last two decades, the advanced economies experienced a boom in off shoring and a doubling of imports of manufactured goods from low-wage countries. Over this same period, approximately 6 million jobs were lost in manufacturing and income inequality increased sharply.These parallel developments led many critics of globalisation to conclude that good manufacturing jobs were being shipped overseas at the expense of the domestic labour force, putting downward pressure on wages of American workers. Concern over these developments led the US Congress to pass the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004. Yet whether these changes in the US labour market are a result of rising import competition or relocation by multinationals to other countries (known as off shoring) is not clear. Paul Krugman (2008) claims that we will never know. He asks How can we quantify the actual effect of rising trade on wages?, and then answers: The answer, given the current state of the data, is that we cant. Yet Krugman suspects that the dramatic increase in manufactured imports from developing countries since the early 1990s has contributed to increasing income inequality. Earlier studies explained rising inequality as a result of technological change which favours skilled workers, a falling minimum wage, or weaker unions (Autor, Katz and Kearney 2008). Larry Katz and David Autor agree with Krugman, arguing that international trade and offshoring will be increasingly important rivers of wages in the future. Theoretically capital mobility should result in higher wages for workers in the developing world, but often it does not. An egregious example of this phenomenon is Nike, the sports shoe manufacturer. Nike makes shoes by contracting with producers in Asian countries. Aggressively seeking the lowest cost, Nike recently moved production from Korea to Indonesia, a military dictatorship which violently represses union activity. The shoes you pay $80 for in the United States are assembled by Indonesian women, working in squalid factories, who receive approximately twelve cents per pair http://home.home.pacbell.net/jfcowan) Benefits of relocating to poor countries For certain occupations there is a greater availability of highly skilled and experienced employees overseas for example manufacturing skills in china and Information technology, Bangalore, India. Cost advantage Companies can save 30-50% compared to the cost of a U.S.-based employee for the same level of performance, and of ten times the offshore employees are more committed, grateful for the work. By using an offshore employee, you eliminate the time you would normally spend on searching job boards, recruiting, interviewing, orientation, managing vacation time and absenteeism, career coaching, and managing employee morale and motivation. Employee issues can be time-consuming and can escalate into legal liabilities. Using offshore staff eliminates certain legal exposure to employment liabilities. Flexibility Unlike traditional employee relationships, off shoring eliminates hiring and termination costs, allowing companies to quickly expand and contract their overseas staff in accordance with business needs. Challenges and considerations Before deciding the relocation plant, the firm has to address the key challenges with respect to cultural, Tax policy, cost savings. Different cultures have different life styles, different attitudes toward conflict resolution and simply different ways of getting work done. Offshore outsourcing is a politically charged issue nowadays, for example the current US government has passed the bill against outsourcing. Expected cost savings might not result from offshore outsourcing. The offshore staff might not turn out to be as productive as expected. Quality of the product also matters for the firm Brand equity. Off shoring can lead to low production cost, if the firm can address all the above mentioned challenges. But, selling the large quantities of the new goods immediately in the poor and low wages countries are always uncertain and it is a risky process also. Every firm has their unique marketing plan and strategy of their products. But, in general poor countries Gross Domestic Product(GDP), Income per captia, and purchasing power of the consumers very less when compare with advanced countries like UK,USA,Germany,France.Canada. Selling a new product in the market requires lot of marketing research and sampling. Due to the uncertain market environment, political disability and consumer behaviour firms are finding difficulties in implementing marketing plan and strategies for the poor countries. In my opinion selling the new goods in the poor countries requires deep understanding of local market and consumer tastes. As per the WTO and ILO reports, more than 3.5 billion people are living in the poor countries. So, firms should understand the culture, life style, of the people to market and sell their products. The plant location and country alone cant decide the success of their products. Findings and recommendations Todays globalization and dynamic business environment has made Production life cycle Theory out of date. Global trade has increased significantly in the last 10- 15 years, thanks to the globalisation world but in the same time inequalities are also increasing. Shifting the production facility or off shoring the manufacturing jobs can increase the profit of the firm due to talent pool, low wages in the poor countries but to achieve this, it has to addresses the challenges of off shoring and draft the business strategies and plans effectively. But quality of the product /service and productivity are the major concern to be addresses by the off shore industry. GDP, income per captia, purchasing power, consumer behaviours are the major deciding factors for buying a new product in any part of the world. All poor countries above mentioned ratios are very less when compare to advanced countries .So launching a new product in poor countries is risky and uncertain even though the product is m anufactured in the same country. Firms should analyze the marketing plans strategy for the poor countries and apply in the poor counties with respect to the market and other demographic factors. Conclusion Globalisation phenomenon gaining across the globe. Trade and culture are exchanging rapidly, thaks, to the advance technology. Shifting the production jobs or off shoring the manufactured jobs has their own advantage and disadvantages. Off shoring has lot of benefits to their own or home country (capital abundant) and new host country (labour abundant) as well. in the same time it has to address the lot of issue in both host and home country with respect to culture, tax policy , environment and other factors. In the open market world firms have the rights to maximize the profits doing offshoreing if obey the terms and condition of the both own and host countries and it should be follow the framework of WTO and ILO

Canterbury Tales - Criticism of the Church in the Summoner’s Tale and t

Criticism of the Catholic Church in the Summoner’s Tale and the Prioress’s Tale Many pilgrims in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales held a religious position. Some of these people’s personal ideas have caused debates and criticism over Chaucer’s opinion of the Catholic Church. Critics have discussed the ideas that were presented both subtly and openly. Two of the pilgrims and their tales will be discussed: the Prioress and the Pardoner. Both of these tales offer points of criticism in the Catholic Church. The Prioress introduces herself as being like a child who does not know many words. She is going to try to tell a tale as best as she can. This child-like language can be seen through the whole tale. The Prioress speaks her tale in a fluent, sweet tone. Her innocence, like a child’s, can be seen as she tells her tale. To see the entire criticism of the Prioress’s tale, the General Prologue must first be recounted. The Prioress was described as a very correct lady; all of her actions showed a very refined lady. She was also portrayed as being very sympathetic, â€Å"She wolde wepe, if that she saugh a mous kaught in a trappe, if it were deed or bledde.† (lines 144-146) She was sentimental enough to feed animals the best food she had. Thus, the Prioress was presented as a very compassionate, well-mannered lady. However, in her tale, the Prioress has an obvious dislike for the Jewish. She relates them to the devil, â€Å"Our firste foo, the serpent Sathanas, that hath in Jues herte his waspes nest...† (Lines 558-59) She describes the Jews as â€Å"cursed† and â€Å"guilty.† She mentions the history of the Jewish as notoriously bad, â€Å"O yonge Hugh of Lyncoln, slayn also with cursed Jewes, ... ...ummoner’s tale more openly criticizes the church, but the Prioress’s faults are fairly easy to recognize once the story is looked at closely. Chaucer used his tales to confront questionable acts of the Catholic Church. Works Cited and Consulted Ames, Ruth M. God’s Plenty Chaucer’s Christian Humanism. Loyola University Press: Chicago, 1984. Colby, Elbridge. English Catholic Poets Chaucer to Dryden. The Bruce Publishing Company: Milwaukee, 1936. Ellis, Roger. Patterns of Religious Narrative in the Canterbury Tales. Banes & Noble: Totowa, 1986. Patterson, Lee. "The living witnesses of our redemption: Martyrdom and imitation in Chaucer's Prioress's Tale.† Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. Durham; Fall 2001. 507-560 Reiff, Raychel Haugrud. â€Å"Chaucer’s The Pardoner’s Tale.† The Explicator. Washington, Summer 1999. 855-58 Canterbury Tales - Criticism of the Church in the Summoner’s Tale and t Criticism of the Catholic Church in the Summoner’s Tale and the Prioress’s Tale Many pilgrims in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales held a religious position. Some of these people’s personal ideas have caused debates and criticism over Chaucer’s opinion of the Catholic Church. Critics have discussed the ideas that were presented both subtly and openly. Two of the pilgrims and their tales will be discussed: the Prioress and the Pardoner. Both of these tales offer points of criticism in the Catholic Church. The Prioress introduces herself as being like a child who does not know many words. She is going to try to tell a tale as best as she can. This child-like language can be seen through the whole tale. The Prioress speaks her tale in a fluent, sweet tone. Her innocence, like a child’s, can be seen as she tells her tale. To see the entire criticism of the Prioress’s tale, the General Prologue must first be recounted. The Prioress was described as a very correct lady; all of her actions showed a very refined lady. She was also portrayed as being very sympathetic, â€Å"She wolde wepe, if that she saugh a mous kaught in a trappe, if it were deed or bledde.† (lines 144-146) She was sentimental enough to feed animals the best food she had. Thus, the Prioress was presented as a very compassionate, well-mannered lady. However, in her tale, the Prioress has an obvious dislike for the Jewish. She relates them to the devil, â€Å"Our firste foo, the serpent Sathanas, that hath in Jues herte his waspes nest...† (Lines 558-59) She describes the Jews as â€Å"cursed† and â€Å"guilty.† She mentions the history of the Jewish as notoriously bad, â€Å"O yonge Hugh of Lyncoln, slayn also with cursed Jewes, ... ...ummoner’s tale more openly criticizes the church, but the Prioress’s faults are fairly easy to recognize once the story is looked at closely. Chaucer used his tales to confront questionable acts of the Catholic Church. Works Cited and Consulted Ames, Ruth M. God’s Plenty Chaucer’s Christian Humanism. Loyola University Press: Chicago, 1984. Colby, Elbridge. English Catholic Poets Chaucer to Dryden. The Bruce Publishing Company: Milwaukee, 1936. Ellis, Roger. Patterns of Religious Narrative in the Canterbury Tales. Banes & Noble: Totowa, 1986. Patterson, Lee. "The living witnesses of our redemption: Martyrdom and imitation in Chaucer's Prioress's Tale.† Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. Durham; Fall 2001. 507-560 Reiff, Raychel Haugrud. â€Å"Chaucer’s The Pardoner’s Tale.† The Explicator. Washington, Summer 1999. 855-58

Goals After Graduation

It's a day to look back and acknowledge the success throughout the year's. Graduation and receiving your diploma is the key to success. Graduates should have a goal in mind of what they want to do with their future. My goal for when I graduate is, to continue my education through college and earn my degree as a medical assistant. The Medical assistant field is always high in demand. And It's one of the top paying field's.I think In order for you to enjoy work you have to find something you are comfortable doing. When setting a goal you have to keep In mind that you have to try to do whatever Is In your hands to achieve that goal. Earning my degree to become a Medical assistant Is my goal because I love helping others. And the fact well paying field Is a plus. Being that I have 5 children and I want the bets for them. I would love to be able to help my husband provide for our children's dally needs.And I know with the help and support of my husband and children I will be able to achie ve my goal of finishing college and earning my degree as a Medical assistant. I know that reaching my goal of earning my degree will take lots of patience and perseverance from my part. But hey nobody said it would be easel Setting goals for after graduating is very important so you can have an I idea of what you want to do with your future. Graduating is already an achieved goal that we all set when we first enter grade school.And that is one of life's most important goal, graduating high school. In conclusion, making goals for after graduating is very important because it helps you have a better planned future. Goals are hard to achieve but are very important in life. Don't let anyone stop you from achieving your goal. Don't matter how old you are with patience and perseverance you will accomplish your goal. I know I will do my best to achieve my goal to earn my degree for Medical assistant.

Ways to Reduce Fluoride Exposure

If youre looking to reduce your intake of fluorine and fluoride (one is the element, one is the ion, both are toxic), it may help you to know what everyday products contain them and what steps you can take to limit your exposure. How to Avoid Fluoride Dont drink unfiltered public water. Assume its fluoridated unless you know otherwise. Most home water filters will not remove fluoride.Dont take fluoride supplements.Try to limit drinking soda because its generally made with fluoridated water. Reconstituted fruit juice, beer, and wine also tend to be made with fluoridated water. Read labels on bottled beverages and look for water purified using reverse osmosis or distillation. If those processes are not specifically named, assume the water is fluoridated.Read the label on bottled water. Again, look for water purified using reverse osmosis or distillation.Consider using unfluoridated toothpaste.Avoid drinking black or red tea. Black and red tea come from two different types of plants, but both leaves naturally contain high amounts of fluorine. If you drink tea, brew it yourself using unfluoridated water.Choose organic fruits and vegetables since the U.S. National Organic Program does not permit the use of the pesticides that leave hig h fluoride residues.Expect tinned fish and canned food items to contain fluoride.Avoid or limit your consumption of mechanically deboned chicken in any form, including chicken nuggets, canned chicken, and baby food. Traces of fluoride (from bones) remain from the deboning process.Fluoride may be used as a preservative in many products. Sometimes you will be able to see this on the product label.Avoid black or red rock salt or items containing black or red rock salt.Avoid using chewing tobacco.Avoid long term use of medications that contain fluorine.If you use a fluoridated toothpaste, rinse your mouth with water after brushing your teeth.If you need anesthesia, ask your doctor about options using drugs that do not contain fluorine.Avoid overheating Teflon pans while cooking, as some of the Teflon (a fluorine compound) may be released into the air.