The Difficulties of Complaining Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Difficulties of Complaining - Case Study Example Excellent patient care is the most important piece to keep hospital rooms full. As an example, "Mr Tadeus Kowalski was admitted to the ward a year ago for rehabilitation following hip replacement in an elective orthopedic centre. He has had a second hip replacement and there are plans to transfer him to the ward again for rehabilitation, Mr Kowalski and his family said they did not want him to return to the ward. Mr Kowalski has Parkinson's disease and said that, although his medication should have been given three hourly, it was often late. This caused him greater distress and impeded his recovery. In his notes, there are several entries indicating that he, his wife and family have been asked to keep his own medication as his medication has not been given on time. As cure costs more than prevention, to alleviate Mr Kowalski concerns and enable him to accept the rehabilitation, hospital needs to provide special ward and appoint a dedicated nurse for him. There is a requirement for th e doctor to visit the patient more informally other than the scheduled official rounds.. He should be provided with labeled medicines and with chart indicating its dosage and time to take it, which will be helpful in absence of attendant. There are several such cases which affect hospital reputati

Globalization And Impact Of Mcdonalds Globalization Commerce Essay

Globalization And Impact Of Mcdonalds Globalization Commerce Essay In the irreversible tide of globalization, whether developed countries or developing countries, regardless of whether it is willing, have consciously or unconsciously integrated into the process, or they will lose living space. Certain culture is linked to a certain level of economic development. Economic globalization is bound to have profound effects on global culture, so all kinds of culture are undergoing great changes under the great driving force of economic globalization. Culture has a lot to with the contemporary way of life, so globalization has a great impact on the consumers (David, 1996). In the process of globalization, many enterprises embark on a path from Localization to globalization, and McDonalds is just the example that plays an important part in the fast-food business in the world. McDonalds has made a great success in the international arena since its inception, and it has left a deep impression on the mind of many consumers. Now McDonalds is not just a restaura nt, but also a cultural symbol, which has an impact on consumers. McDonalds has implemented a series of marketing strategies in order to adapt to the cultural environment of other countries, and this changes also affect the local consumers. Now McDonalds has become a global icon, and it affects the lifestyle of people worldwide. This article mainly includes two parts: the first part focuses on human consequences of globalization, and the second section is primarily about McDonalds globalization and the impact on consumers. 2, human consequences of globalization Globalization is a new phenomenon becoming increasingly apparent since 1980s, and it is the basic characteristics of our times (Steger, 2003). Globalization is a process, which refers to the flow of material and spiritual products break the shackles of regional and national boundaries, affecting every corner of life on Earth. Globalization also includes cross-border movement of personnel. The flow of human is the highest level of comprehensive between material and spiritual movement. In the process of globalization, the most obvious feature is economic globalization. Globalization has a great impact on human, and the influence is increasing with time going on. Correctly understanding and properly dealing with globalization is conducive to promote economic development and progress of human civilization. Just as every coin has two sides, globalization also has two different effects on human. Globalization has gone far beyond the economic field and is producing a wide range of influence on the international political, security, social and cultural fields. The positive effects of globalization are as follows: the first aspect is on promoting the development of innovation. Globalization promotes the global optimal allocation of production, resources, personnel, trade, investment and finance, which reduces costs and improves efficiency. If countries would like to explore advanced development model, they must consider the factors of globalization and make use of the opportunities of globalization. The second aspect focuses on promoting the rational allocation of resources. Globalization can reasonably allocate the worldwide Capital, technology, products, markets, resources and labor. Globalization has accelerated the free flow of production factors in the worldwide and formed a unified gl obal market, which promote the globalization of multinational operations and restructuring of global industry, and maximize the optimal allocation of resources. The third aspect is primarily about boosting human civilization. Based on globalization, global issues, global interests and global governance, human may form new common values of human and new human civilization, which can break the Wests leading role of human civilization and achieve a higher surpass than Western civilization. When seeing the positive effects of globalization, at the same time, the gradual accumulation of its negative effect can not be ignored (Stiglitz, 2003). The first aspect is about instability of the world economy. Globalization strengthens the instability of the world economy, which is adverse for countries to make a development. The relationship between national economies and the world economy is becoming more closely under globalization. Each countrys economic stability will depend not only on thei r domestic factors, to a greater extent by the tremendous impact of international factors. Fierce competition and economic instability increase the difficulty of developing the national economy. The second aspect is on global economic crisis. With the increasing close of the global economic chain, it has a big possibility that a sharp rise in energy prices, serious financial order out of control, obviously big countrys economic recession may cause the global economic recession. 3, McDonalds globalization and the impact on consumers 3.1 McDonalds globalization McDonalds corporate headquarter is located in the Illinois of United States, which is an international company of possessing multi-billion dollar. Now McDonalds has become one of the largest fast food chains in the world. Since the McDonald brothers and Ray Kroc, the founders of McDonalds opened its first restaurant in the Illinois of United States, McDonalds has established more than 30,000 restaurants, located in over 120 countries and the regions around the world, and its worldwide turnover is about 10.49 billion dollars ¼Ã‹â€ Ritzer, 2006 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. McDonalds is developing at a rapid speed, and McDonalds represents an American way of life in many countries. McDonalds sales firmly carbonated drinks that Coca-Cola Company offers, McDonalds and Coca-Cola Company practically form strategic alliances. McDonalds around the world make appropriate adjustments and try to be in accordance with the tastes of local people. In addition, McDonalds now controls some other restaurant brands, such as Aroma Cafà ©, and Donatos Pizza. In 2008, McDonalds total revenue reached 23.5 billion U.S. dollars, net profit of 4.3 billion U.S. dollars. Ronald McDonald as one of the McDonalds signs, a symbol of harmony and friendliness, represents that McDonalds will always be your friend and community member. McDonalds is ready every now and then for children and communitys development to devote its strengths. Childrens Charity Foundation of Ronald McDonald was established in 1984, and the organization has donated more than 5 million U.S. dollars to help the children around the world. McDonalds has made a great success on a global scale. Over half of McDonalds restaurants are located overseas, which is the globalization strategies of McDonalds. McDonalds restaurants can be discovered in 118 countries and regions around the world, serving 50 million consumers everyday (Alfino, 1998). McDonalds has opened 100 new restaurants in China a year, and meanwhile, McDonalds has accomplished it s goal of 1000 new restaurants by the opening of the 2008 Beijing Olympics, which are all the certification of McDonalds globalization. The founders of McDonalds have never anticipated that their ambition has so astounding influence. The influential development of McDonalds has an impact not only on the fast-food industry, but also on the contemporary way of life, and the impact is likely to accelerate in the early 21st century. 3.2 McDonalds impact on consumers Just as globalization has two different aspects of effects on human beings, in the process of McDonalds globalization, McDonalds impacts on consumers are also different, including positive effect and negative impact. Ronald McDonald is McDonalds Chief Happiness Officer, and he has lasted for about 50 years. Previously, children, youth, parents and other market segments were familiar with amiable Ronald McDonald, who was a good brand ambassador. McDonalds corporate culture is a kind of family-happy culture, which emphasizes its influences of happy culture. Duo to its huge influences, McDonalds has an impact on eating habits of consumers. MacDonalds has three characteristics: quick, cheap and widely accepted by the public. But the feature of fast has actually changed. Fast food restaurants have changed into the conveniently leisure and recreation area, so the function has changed (Schlosser, 2002). Now the restaurants have turned into the celebration ceremony, the premises of reading and writing, birthday party places, and leisure venue for chatting. From the feature of cheap, most people only occasionally patronize, which explains that the food is not real cheap. From a deeper level, the significance of McDonalds as a symbol of American culture is more obvious than as a symbol of fast food. McDonalds has become a cultural ambassador and make more people understand American culture. The meal price of McDonalds between species has little difference, so does the consumption level and the services provided. Warm dining environment and good services attract many kinds of social groups, and McDonalds is showing a different image in all kinds of peoples minds. All kinds of people with different needs and life experience see the same thing, and their feelings also are different (Tomlinson, 1999). They grasp a point of McDonalds culture from their own perspective. McDonalds have taken a wide range of measures in the business strategy, in order to meet all levels of society and people of all ages, such as facilitates for young lovers as the Valentines corner and Childrens Paradise. And the staffs are dressed up as McDonalds uncle, aunt, and play with children. Many children are fond of the food of McDonalds and they want to patronize McDonald as often as they can. Though many young lovers may do not like the food, they also want to go to McDonalds, because the environment of McDonalds is good (Ritzer, 1996). No matter McDonalds marketing idea and McDonalds business philosophy, are all established to attract more customers, and McDonalds has more and more huge impact on eating habits of consumers. When McDonalds affect the eating habits of consumers, it also shock the culture of different countries. In the context of globalization, different cultures around the world communicate, permeate, collide and merge with each other. No strong cultural is not a real power. If countries want to become a power, they should prevent its own culture from cultural erosion. In the process of McDonalds globalization, McDonalds has a great impact on local culture, which may cause cultural erosion for residents. McDonalds transforms its marketing strategies into pursuing cool, excitement, and adventure, which has a great attraction by the young family (Paul, 1997). Young family is lack of judgment ability, and McDonalds culture may cause them making a mistake. The themes of cool, on your own decision, playing my game are very popular among young people, due to the influences of McDonalds, and these themes may have a violation comparing with local culture. For example, as long as customers shout I m lovein it at the waiter, they will be able to receive a cylindrical ice cream. Such activities are very popular with aggressive young people. Some students think that these activities are very fresh and interesting. All these may affect the native culture to some extent. Meanwhile, McDonalds have an impact on the contemporary way of life. Many children like the food of McDonalds and they want to patronize McDonald as often as they can. Some of them want to go to McDonalds and eat its food everyday, and the food of McDonalds becomes their main food. Nowadays, McDonalds has become the symbol of fashion and adventure. Some young people regard going to McDonalds as a fashion and adventure, which can demonstrate that they are the younger generation. In addition, McDonalds supplies fast food for consumers, which may affect the pace of life. Consumers tend to eat food quickly, and change their previous dietary habits. 4, conclusion Globalization has a great impact on human worldwide, and its impacts can be demonstrated from two aspects: positive impact and negative impact. Its positive impact refers to promoting the development of innovation, promoting the rational allocation of resources and boosting human civilization. Its negative impact focuses on instability of the world economy and global economic crisis. Generally speaking, globalizations positive impact on human beings outweighs its negative impact. Human beings should seize the opportunities of globalization and salute its threats, in order to make a long-term development. Globalization can be understood well by the process of McDonalds globalization (Featherstone, 1991). McDonalds can bring enjoyment for consumers, while it also affects eating habits of consumers, causes cultural erosion and has an impact on contemporary way of life. Globalization is an irresistible trend, and Globalization can give a beneficial effects on consumers as well as adverse effects. So consumers should make full use of its beneficial effects and resist its adverse effects in the process of globalization.

Col. Tom Parker :: essays research papers

PARKER, who gave up smoking his trademark big Cuban cigars in 1990, had a meteoric rise from being a hobo in the late 1920s to a top show business manager. Tom Parker was born on June 26, 1909 in Breda, The Netherlands to Adam and Maria VanKuijk who named their fifth child Andreas Cornelius VanKuijk. As a young man Parker immigrated to the United States where he worked on carnivals and served four years in the United States Army. After his discharge from the army he went back to carnival life. In late 1939 and early 1940 he became the manager of Gene Austin and traveled with Gene's "Models & Melodies" show. In late 1940 he became Field Director of the Tampa Humane Society, a position he held for three years. Tom Parker left the Humane Society to go back into the entertainment field, booking country acts. In 1944 he became the manager of Eddy Arnold and by November 1947 Eddy had been #1 on the country charts for 53 weeks. When Tom Parker and Eddy Arnold went their separate ways, Tom began booking Hank Snow and in January 1955 became his personal manager. Colonel (as he was now called, having been given an honorary title of "colonel" by several southern governors) began booking Elvis Presley as an opening act on the Hank Snow appearances. In October 1955 as Elvis' special advisor (Bob Neal was still managing Elvis), Colonel negotiated a recording contract with RCA Victor for Elvis. It should be noted that it was, at that time, the custom for the A&R people to choose the songs for an artist to record. However Colonel insisted that Elvis choose his own songs. Today it is common practice for the artist to choose their own material. . . .but Elvis was the first. In 1956 Colonel became Elvis' personal manager. By the end of their first year together the WALL STREET JOURNAL reported that since Colonel began marketing Elvis merchandise, they had grossed some $22 million in sales. Elvis records and albums were selling in the millions. Together they made history. After reading a newspaper story pleading for support for the Arizona Memorial fund, Colonel talked with Elvis and they decided to offer a benefit concert to raise funds to finish the memorial which honored those who lost their lives during the devastating surprise attack on the military installations at Pearl Harbor. In March 1961 the concert took place and nearly $100,000 was raised.

General Electric Essay

The history of General Electric Company is a significant part of the history of technology in the United States. General Electric (GE) has evolved from Thomas Edison’s home laboratory into one of the largest companies in the world, following the evolution of electrical technology from the simplest early applications into the high-tech wizardry of the early 21st century. The company has also evolved into a conglomerate, with an increasing shift from technology to services, and with 11 main operating units: GE Advanced Materials, a specialist in high-performance engineered thermoplastics, silicon-based products, and fused quartz and ceramics used in a wide variety of industries; GE Consumer & Industrial, which is one of the world’s leading appliance manufacturers, stands as a preeminent global maker of lighting products for consumer, commercial, and industrial customers, and also provides integrated industrial equipment, systems, and services; GE Energy, one of the largest technology suppliers to the energy industry; GE Equipment Services, which offers leases, loans, and other services to medium and large businesses around the world to help them manage their business equipment; GE Healthcare, a world leader in medical diagnostic and interventional imaging technology and services; GE Infrastructure, which is involved in high-technology protectiv e and productivity solutions in such areas as water purification, facility safety, plant automation, and automatic environmental controls; GE Transportation, the largest producer of small and large jet engines for commercial and military aircraft in the world, as well as the number one maker of diesel freight locomotives in North America; NBC Universal (80 percent owned by GE), a global media and entertainment giant with a wide range of assets, including the NBC and Telemundo television networks, several cable channels, and the Universal Pictures film studio; GE Commercial Finance, which provides businesses, particularly in the mid-market segment, with an array of financial services and products, including loans, operating leases, and financing programs; GE Consumer Finance, a leading financial services provider, serving consumers, retailers, and auto dealer in about three dozen countries; and GE Insurance, which is involved in such areas as life insurance, asset management, mortgag e insurance, and reinsurance. The staggering size of GeneralElectric, which ranked fifth in the Fortune 500 in 2003, becomes even more evident through the revelation that each of the company’s 11 operating units, if listed separately, would qualify as a Fortune 500 company. GE operates in more than 100 countries worldwide and generates approximately 45 percent of its revenues outside the United States. Over the course of its 110-plus years of innovation, General Electric has amassed more than 67,500 patents, and the firm’s scientists have been awarded two Nobel Prizes and numerous other honors. Thomas Edison established himself in the 1870s as an inventor after devising, at the age of 23, an improved stock ticker. He subsequently began research on an electric light as a replacement for gas light, the standard method of illumination at the time. In 1876 Edison moved into a laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey. Two years later, in 1878, Edison established, with the help of his friend Grosvenor Lowry, the Edison Electric Light Company with a capitalization of $300,000. Edison received half of the new company’s shares on the agreement that he work on developing an incandescent lighting system. The major problem Edison and his team of specialists faced was finding an easy-to-produce filament that would resist the passage of electrical current in the bulb for a long time. H e triumphed only a year after beginning research when he discovered that common sewing thread, once carbonized, worked in the laboratory. For practical applications, however, he switched to carbonized bamboo. Developing an electrical lighting system for a whole community involved more than merely developing an electric bulb; the devices that generated, transmitted, and controlled electric power also had to be invented. Accordingly, Edison organized research into all of these areas and in 1879, the same year that he produced an electric bulb, he also constructed the first dynamo, or direct-current (DC) generator. The original application of electric lighting was on the steamship Columbia in 1880. In that same year, Edison constructed a three-mile-long trial electric railroad at his Menlo Park laboratory. The first individual system of electric lighting came in 1881, in a printing plant. But the first full-scale public application of the Edison lighting system was actually made in Lon don, at the Holborn Viaduct. The first system in the United States came soon after when Pearl Street Station was opened in New York City. Components of the system were manufactured by different companies, some of which were organized by Edison; lamps came from theparent company, dynamos from the Edison Machine Works, and switches from Bergmann & Company of New York. In 1886 the Edison Machine Works was moved from New Jersey to Schenectady, New York. While these developments unfolded at Edison’s company, the Thomson-Houston Company was formed from the American Electric Company, founded by Elihu Thomson and Edwin Houston, who held several patents for their development of arc lighting. Some of their electrical systems differed from Edison’s through the use of alternating-current (AC) equipment, which can transmit over longer distances than DC systems. By the early 1890s the spread of electrification was threatened by the conflict between the two technologies and by patent deadlocks, which prevented further developments because of patent-infringement problems. By 1889, Edison had consolidated all of his companies under the name of Edison General Electric Company. Three years later, in 1892, this company was merged with the Thomson-Houston Electric Company to form the General Electric Company. Although this merger was the turning point in the electrification of the United States, it resulted in Edison’s resignati on from GE. He had been appointed to the board of directors but he attended only one board meeting, and sold all of his shares in 1894, though he remained a consultant to General Electric and continued to collect royalties on his patents. The president of the new company was Charles A. Coffin, a former shoe manufacturer who had been the leading figure at Thomson-Houston. Coffin remained president of General Electric until 1913, and was chairman thereafter until 1922. Meanwhile, also in 1892, GE’s stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1884 Frank Julian Sprague, an engineer who had worked on electric systems with Edison, resigned and formed the Sprague Electric Railway and Motor Company, which built the first large-scale electric streetcar system in the United States, in Richmond, Virginia. In 1889 Sprague’s company was purchased by Edison’s. In the meantime, the two other major electric-railway companies in the United States had merged with Thoms on-Houston, so that by the time General Electric was formed, it was the major supplier of electrified railway systems in the United States. One year after the formation of General Electric, the company won a bid for the construction of large AC motors in a textile mill in South Carolina. The motors were the largest manufactured by General Electric at the time and were so successful that orders soon beganto flow in from other industries such as cement, paper, and steel. In that same year, General Electric began its first venture into the field of power transmission with the opening of the Redlands-Mill Creek power line in California, and in 1894 the company constructed a massive power-transmission line at Niagara Falls. Meanwhile the company’s electric-railroad ventures produced an elevated electric train surrounding the fairgrounds of the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893. Electrification of existing rail lines began two years later. By the turn of the century General Electric was manufacturing everything involved in the electrification of the United States: generators to produce electricity, transmission equipment to carry power, industrial electric motors, electric light bulbs, and electric locomotives. It is important to any understanding of the evolution of GE to realize that though it was diverse from the beginning, all of its enterprises centered on the electrification program. It is also worth noting that it operated in the virtual absence of competition. General Electric and the Westinghouse Electric Company had been competitors, but the companies entered into a patent pool in 1896. In 1900 GE established the first industrial laboratory in the United States. Up to that point, research had been carried out in universities or in private laboratories similar to Edison’s Menlo Park laboratory. Initially, the lab was set up in a barn behind the house of one of the researchers, but the lab was moved in 1 900 to Schenectady, New York, after it was destroyed in a fire. The head of the research division was a professor from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The importance of research at General Electric cannot be underestimated, for GE has been awarded more patents over the years than any other company in the United States. During the early decades of the 20th century General Electric made further progress in its established fields and also made its first major diversification. In 1903 General Electric bought the Stanley Electric Manufacturing Company of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, a manufacturer of transformers. Its founder, William Stanley, was the developer of the transformer. By this time GE’s first light bulbs were in obvious need of improvement. Edison’s bamboo filament was replaced in 1904 by metalized carbon developed by the company’s research lab. That filament, in turn, was replaced several years later by a tungsten-filament light bulb when Willia m Coolidge, a GE researcher, discovered a process to render the durable metal more pliable. This light bulb was so rugged and well suited for use in automobiles, railroad cars, and street cars that it was still employed in the early 2000s. In 1913, two other innovations came out of the GE labs: Irving Langmuir discovered that gas-filled bulbs were more efficient and reduced bulb blackening. To this day virtually all bulbs over 40 watts are gas-filled. The first high-vacuum, hot-cathode X-ray tube, known as the Coolidge tube, was also developed in 1913. Coolidge’s research into tungsten had played an important role in the development of the X-ray tube. The device, which combined a vacuum with a heated tungsten filament and tungsten target, has been the foundation of virtually all X-ray tubes produced ever since, and its development laid the foundation for medical technology operations at General Electric. Perhaps GE’s most important development in the early part of this century was its participation in the development of the high-speed steam turbine in conjunction with English, Swedish, and other inventors. Until this invention, all electricity (except hydroelectric) had been produced by generators that turned at no more than 100 rpm, which limited the amount of electricity a single unit could produce. An independent inventor had come up with a design for a very-high-speed steam turbine before the turn of the century, but it took five years of research before GE could construct a working model. By 1901, however, a 500-kilowatt, 1,200-rpm turbine generator was operating. Orders for the turbines followed almost immediately, and by 1903 a 5,000-kilowatt turbine was in use at Chicago’s Commonwealth Edison power company. Such rapid progress led to rapid obsolescence as well, and the Chicago units were replaced within six years. As a result, GE shops in Schenectady were soon overflowing with business. By 1910 the volume of the company’s trade in turbine generators had tripled and GE had sold almost one million kilowatts of power capacity. At the same time, General Electric scientists were also researching the gas turbine. Their investigations eventually resulted in the first flight of an airplane equipped with a turbine-powered supercharger. In the early days of electric power, electricity was produced only during evening hours, because electric lighting was not needed during the day and there were no other products to use electricity. GE, as the producer of both electricity-generating equipment and electricity-consuming devices, naturally sought to expand both ends of its markets. The first major expansion of the General Electric product line was made in the first decade of the 20th century. Before the turn of the century, light bulbs and electric fans were GE’s only consumer product. One of the first household appliances GE began to market was a toaster in 1905. The following year the company attempted to market an electric range. The unwieldy device consisted of a wooden table top equipped with electric griddles, pans, toasters, waffle irons, pots, and a coffeemaker, each with its own retractable cord to go into any one of 30 plugs. The range was followed by a commercial electric refrigerator in 1911 and by an experimental household refrigerator six years later. At the same time two other companies in the United States were producing electric devices for the home. The Pacific Electric Heating Company produced the first electric appliance to be readily accepted by the public: the Hotpoint iron. The Hughes Electric Heating Company produced and marketed an electric range. In 1918 all three companies were prospering, but to avoid competition with one another, they agreed upon a merger. The new company combined GE’s heating-device section with Hughes and Pacif ic to form the Edison Electric Appliance Company, whose products bore either the GE or the Hotpoint label. GE’s first diversification outside electricity came with its establishment of a research staff to investigate plastics. This occurred primarily at the prompting of Charles P. Steinmetz, a brilliant mathematician who had been with the company since the 1890s. All of the initial work by this group was devoted to coatings, varnishes, insulation, and other products related to electrical wiring, so that even this diversification was tied in to electrification. A more radical branching of GE’s activities occurred in 1912, when Ernst Alexanderson, a GE employee, was approached by a radio pioneer looking for a way to expand the range of wireless sets into higher frequencies. Alexanderson worked for almost a decade on the project before he succeeded in creating electromagnetic waves that could span continents, instead of the short distances to which radios had been limited . In 1922, General Electric introduced its own radio station, WGY, in Schenectady. In 1919, at the request of the government, GE formed, in partnership with AT&T and Westinghouse, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) to develop radio technology. GE withdrew from the venture in 1930, when antitrust considerations came to the fore. General Electric also operated two experimental shortwave stations that had a global range. Other developments at General Electric contributed to the progress of the radio. Irving Langmuir had developed the electron tube. This tube, necessary for amplifying the signals in Alexanderson’s radio unit, was capable of operating at very high power. Other important developments by scientists at General Electric included the world’s first practical loudspeaker and a method for recording complex sound on film that is still in use today. Developments continued apace at GE in the electric motor field. In 1913 the U.S. Navy commissioned General Electric to build the first ship to be powered by turbine motors rather than steam. In 1915 the first turbine-propelled battleship sailed forth, and within a few years, all of the Navy’s large ships were equipped with electric power. General Electric also owned several utility companies that generated electrical power, but in 1924 GE left the utilities business when the federal government brought antitrust action against the company. During the Great Depression the company introduced a variety of consumer items such as mixers, vacuum cleaners, air conditioners, and washing machines. GE also introduced the first affordable electric refrigerator in the late 1920s. It was designed by a Danish toolmaker, Christian Steenstrup, who later supervised mechanical research at the GE plant in Schenectady. In addition, GE introduced its first electric dishwasher in 1932, the same year that consumer financing of personal appliances was introduced. Also in 1932 the first Nobel Prize ever awarded to a scientist not affiliated with a university went to Irving Langmuir for his work at GE on surface chemistry, research that had grown out of his earlier work on electron tubes. The years that followed witnessed a steady stream of inn ovation in electronics from the GE labs. These included the photoelectric-relay principle, rectifier tubes that eliminated batteries from home receivers, the cathode-ray tube, and glass-to-metal seals for vacuum tubes. Many of these developments in electronics were crucial to the growth of radio broadcasting. The broadcasting division of General Electric achieved a breakthrough in the late 1930s. The company had been developing a mode of transmission known as frequency modulation (FM) as an alternative to the prevailing amplitude modulation (AM). In 1939 a demonstration conducted for the Federal Communications Commission proved that FM had less static and noise. GE began broadcasting in FM the following year. Of course, the light bulb was not forgotten in this broadening of research activity at General Electric. The world’s first mercury-vapor lamp was introduced in 1934, followed four years later by the fluorescent lamp. The latter produced light using half the power of incandescent bulbs, with about twice the lifespan. Less than a year after the introduction of the fluorescent light, General Electric introduced the sealed-beam automotive headlight. Even though production of convenience items for the consumer halted during World War II, the war proved profitable for General Electric, whose revenues quadrupled during the war. The president of General Electric at the time, Charles Wilson, joined the War Production Board in 1942. GE produced more than 50 different types of radar for the armed forces and over 1,500 marine power plants for the Navy and merchant marine. The company, using technology developed by the Englishman Frank Whittle, also conducted research on jet engines for aircraft. The Bell XP-59, the first U.S. jet aircraft, flew in 1942 powered by General Electric engines. By the end of the war this technology helped General Electric develop the nation’s first turboprop engine. When production of consumer goods resumed immediately after the war, GE promptly found itself in another antitrust battle. The government discovered that GE controlled 85 percent of the light bulb industry–55 percent through its own output and the other 30 percent through licensees. In 1949 the court forced GE to release its patents to other companies. In this period the first true product diversifications ca me out of GE’s research labs. In the 1940s a GE scientist discovered a way to produce large quantities of silicone, a material GE had been investigating for a long time. In 1947 GE opened a plant to produce silicones, which allowed the introduction of many products using silicone as a sealant or lubricant. Meanwhile, as research innovation blossomed and postwar business boomed, the company began an employee relations policy known as â€Å"Boulwarism,† from Lemuel Boulware, the manager who established the policy. The policy, which eliminated much of the bargaining involved in labor-management relations, included the extension by GE to union leaders of a nonnegotiable contract offer. During the late 1940s General Electric embarked on a study of nuclear power and constructed a laboratory specifically for the task. Company scientists involved in an earlier attempt to separate U-235 from natural uranium were developing nuclear power plants for naval propulsion by 1946. In 1 955 the Navy launched the submarineSeawolf, the world’s first nuclear-powered vessel, with a reactor developed by General Electric. In 1957 the company received a license from the Atomic Energy Commission to operate a nuclear-power reactor, the first license granted in the United States for a privately owned generating station. That same year GE’s consumer appliance operations got a big boost when an enormous manufacturing site, Appliance Park, in Louisville, Kentucky, was completed. The flow of new GE products–hair dryers, skillets, electronic ovens, self-cleaning ovens, electric knives–continued. Other innovations to come from GE labs during the 1950s included an automatic pilot for jet aircraft, Lexan polycarbonate resin, the first all-transistor radio, jet turbine engines, gas turbines for electrical power generation, and a technique for fabricating diamonds. Antitrust problems continued to vex the company throughout the postwar years. In 1961 the Justice Department indicted 29 companies, of which GE was the biggest, for price fixing on electrical equipment. All the defendants pleaded gui lty. GE’s fine was almost half a million dollars, damages it paid to utilities who had purchased price-fixed equipment came to at least $50 million, and three GE managers received jail sentences and several others were forced to leave the company. During the 1960s and 1970s GE grew in all fields. In 1961 it opened a research center for aerospace projects, and by the end of the decade had more than 6,000 employees involved in 37 projects related to the moon landing. In the 1950s General Electric entered the computer business. This venture, however, proved to be such a drain on the company’s profits that GE sold its computer business to Honeywell in 1971. By the late 1960s, GE’s management began to feel that the company had become too large for its existing structures to accommodate. Accordingly, the company instituted a massive organizational restructuring. Under this restructuring program, the number of distinct operating units within the company was cut from more than 200 to 43. Each new section operated in a particular market and was headed by a manager who reported to management just beneath the corporate policy board. The sections were classified into one of three categories–growth, stability, or no-growth–to facilitate divestment of unprofitab le units. When this reorganization was complete, General Electric made what was at the time the largest corporate purchase ever. In December 1976 GE paid $2.2 billion for Utah International, a major coal, copper, uranium, and ironminer and a producer of natural gas and oil. The company did 80 percent of its business in foreign countries. Within a year Utah International was contributing 18 percent of GE’s total earnings. In the meantime, GE scientist Ivar Giaever was a corecipient of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discoveries in the area of superconductive tunneling. Giaever became the second GE employee to be honored with a Nobel Prize. The divestiture of its computer business had left GE without any capacity for manufacturing integrated circuits and the high-technology products in which they are used. In 1975 a study of the company’s status concluded that GE, one of the first U.S. electrical companies, had fallen far behind in electronics. As a result, GE sp ent some $385 million to acquire Intersil, a semiconductor manufacturer; Calma, a producer of computer graphics equipment; and four software producers. The company also spent more than $100 million to expand its microelectronics facilities. Other fields in which GE excelled were in trouble by the mid-1970s, most notably nuclear power. As plant construction costs skyrocketed and environmental concerns grew, the company’s nuclear power division began to lose money. GE’s management, however, was convinced that the problem was temporary and that sales would pick up in the future. When by 1980 General Electric had received no new orders for plants in five years, nuclear power began to look more and more like a prime candidate for divestment. GE eventually pulled out of all aspects of the nuclear power business except for providing service and fuel to existing plants and conducting research on nuclear energy. Though General Electric’s growth was tremendous during the 1970s and earnings tripled between 1971 and 1981, the company’s stock performance was mediocre. GE had become so large and was involved in so many activities that some regarded its fortunes as capable only of following the fortunes of the country as a whole. GE’s economic problems were mirrored by its managerial reshuffling. When John F. (Jack) Welch, Jr., became chairman and CEO in 1981, General Electric entered a period of radical change. Over the next several years, GE bought 338 businesses and product lines for $11.1 billion and sold 232 for $5.9 billion. But Welch’s first order of business was to return much of the control of the company to the periphery. Although he decentralized management, he retained predecessor Reginald Jones’s system of classifying divisions according to their performance. His goal was to make GE number oneor two in every field of operation. One branch of GEâ€⠄¢s operations that came into its own during this period was the General Electric Credit Corporation, founded in 1943. Between 1979 and 1984, its assets doubled, to $16 billion, primarily because of expansion into such markets as the leasing and selling of heavy industrial goods, inventories, real estate, and insurance. In addition, the leasing operations provided the parent company with tax shelters from accelerated depreciation on equipment developed by GE and then leased by the credit corporation. Factory automation became a major activity at GE during the early 1980s. GE’s acquisitions of Calma and Intersil were essential to this program. In addition, GE entered into an agreement with Japan’s Hitachi, Ltd. to manufacture and market Hitachi’s industrial robots in the United States. GE itself spent $300 million to robotize its locomotive plant in Erie, Pennsylvania. Two years later GE’s aircraft engine business also participated in an air force plant-mo dernization program and GE later manufactured the engines for the controversial B-1B bomber. In 1986 General Electric made several extremely important purchases. The largest–in fact, the largest for the company to that date–was the $6.4 billion purchase of the Radio Corporation of American (RCA), the company GE had helped to found in 1919. RCA’s National Broadcasting Company (NBC), the leading U.S. television network, brought GE into the broadcasting business in full force. Although both RCA and GE were heavily involved in consumer electronics, the match was regarded by industry analysts as beneficial, because GE had been shifting from manufacturing into service and high technology. After the merger, almost 80 percent of GE’s earnings came from services and high technology, compared to 50 percent six years earlier. GE divested itself of RCA’s famous David Sarnoff Research Center, because GE’s labs made it redundant. In 1987 GE also sold its own and RCA’s television manufacturing businesses to the French company Thomson in exchange for Thomson’s medical diagnostics business. GE justified the merger by citing the need for size to compete effectively with large Japanese conglomerates. Critics, however, claimed that GE was running from foreign competition by increasing its defense contracts (to almost 20 percent of its total business) and its service business, both of which were insulated from foreign competition. In 1986 GE also purchased the Employers Reinsurance Corporation, a financial services company, from Texaco, for $1.1 billion,and an 80 percent interest in Kidder Peabody and Company, an investment banking firm, for $600 million, greatly broadening its financial services division. Although Employer’s Reinsurance contributed steadily to GE’s bottom line following its purchase, Kidder Peabody lost $48 million in 1987, in part because of the settlement of insider trading charges. Kidder Peabody did come back in 1988 to contribute $46 million in earnings, but the acquisition still troubled some analysts. GE owned 100 percent of Kidder Peabody by 1990. General Electric’s operations were divided into three business groups in the early 1990s: technology, service, and manufacturing. Its manufacturing operations, traditionally the core of the company, accounted for roughly one-third of the company’s earnings. Still, GE continued to pour more than $1 billion annually into research and development of manufactured goods. Much of that investment was directed at energy conservation–more efficient light bulbs, jet engines, and electrical power transmission methods, for example. In 1992 GE signaled its intent to step up overseas activity with the purchase of 50 percent of the European appliance business of Britainâ€℠¢s General Electric Company (GEC). The two companies also made agreements related to their medical, power systems, and electrical distribution businesses. Welch said that his aim was to make GE the nation’s largest company. To that end, General Electric continued to restructure its existing operations in an effort to become more competitive in all of its businesses. Most importantly, the company launched an aggressive campaign to become dominant in the growing financial services sector. GE’s aggressive initiatives related to financial services reflected the fact that the service sector represented more than three-quarters of the U.S. economy going into the mid-1990s. Furthermore, several service industries, including financial, were growing rapidly. GE’s revenues from its giant NBC and GE Capital divisions, for example, rose more than 12 percent annually from about $14.3 billion in 1988 to more than $25 billion in 1994. Encouraged by those gains, GE’s mer ger and acquisition activity intensified. For example, in 1994 the company offered a $2.2 billion bid for Kemper Corp., a diversified insurance and financial services company (it retracted the bid in 1995). GE’s sales from services as a percentage of total revenues increased from 30 percent in 1988 to nearly 45 percent in 1994, and neared 60 percent by 1996. The troubled Kidder Peabody unitremained a drag on GE’s services operations, leading to the company’s late 1994 decision to liquidate the unit. As part of the liquidation, GE sold some Kidder Peabody assets and operations to Paine Webber Group Inc. for $657 million. In contrast to its service businesses, GE’s total manufacturing receipts remained stagnant at about $35 billion. Nevertheless, restructuring was paying off in the form of fat profit margins in many of its major product divisions. Importantly, GE made significant strides with its Aircraft Engine Group. Sales fell from $8 billion in 1991 to less than $6 billion in 1995, but profit margins rose past 18 percent after dipping to just 12 percent in 1993. Reflective of restructuring efforts in other GE divisions, the company accomplished the profit growth by slashing the engineering workforce from 10,000 to 4,000 and reducing its overall Aircraft Engine Group payroll by about 50 percent, among other cost-cut ting moves. Despite a global economic downturn in the early 1990s, GE managed to keep aggregate sales from its technology, service, and manufacturing operations stable at about $60 billion annually. More importantly, net income surged steadily from $3.9 billion in 1989 to $5.9 billion in 1994, excluding losses in the latter year from Kidder Peabody operations. In 1994, in fact, General Electric was the most profitable of the largest 900 U.S. corporations, and was trailed by General Motors, Ford, and Exxon. Revenues reached $70 billion by 1995, the same year that the company’s market value exceeded $100 billion for the first time. The late 1990s saw General Electric reach a number of milestones. In 1996 the company celebrated its 100th year as part of the Dow Jones Index; GE was the only company remaining from the original list. That year, NBC joined with Microsoft Corporation in launching MSNBC, a 24-hour cable television news channel and Internet news service. Overall revenues exceeded the $100 billion mark for the first time in 1998, while the continuing stellar growth at GE Capital led that unit to generate nearly half of GE’s revenues by the end of the decade. Acquisitions in the late 1990s centered on two of the company’s growth initiatives: services and globalization. In 1996 the GE Appliances division acquired a 73 percent interest in DAKO S.A., the leading manufacturer of gas ranges in Brazil. GE Capital Services expanded in Japan through the 1996 purchase of an 80 percent stake in Marubeni Car System Co., an auto leasing firm; the 1998 acquisitions of Koei Credit and the consumer finance business of Lake Corporation; and the 1998 formation of GE Edison Life following the purchase of the sales operations of Toho Mutual Life Insurance, which made GE Capital the first foreign company involved in the Japanese life insurance market. In early 1999 GE Capital made its largest deal in Japan to date with the purchase of the leasing business of Japan Leasing Corporation, a business with $7 billion in leasing assets. Then in late 1999 GE Capital agreed to purchase the remaining assets of Toho Mutual for  ¥240 billion ($2.33 billion); Toho had collapsed during 1999 after suffering huge losses from the thousands of old, unprofitable policies in its portfolio, and a large portion of its liabilities were to be covered by Japan’s life insurance association. Expansion also continued in Europe for GE Capital, highlighted by the 1997 acquisition of Woodchester, one of the largest financial services companies in Ireland. Overall, GE spent some $30 billion during the 1990s in completing more tha n 130 European acquisitions. Under Welch’s leadership, General Electric in the late 1990s also adopted â€Å"six sigma,† a quality control and improvement initiative pioneered by Motorola, Inc. and AlliedSignal Inc. The program aimed to cut costs by reducing errors or defects. GE claimed that by 1998 six sigma was yielding $1 billion in annual savings. The company also continued to restructure as necessary, including taking a $2.3 billion charge in late 1997 to close redundant facilities and shift production to cheaper labor markets. During 1999 General Electric adopted a fourth growth initiative, e-business (globalization, services, and six sigma being the other three). Like many longstanding companies, GE reacted cautiously when the Internet began its late 1990s explosion. But once he was convinced of the new medium’s potential, Welch quickly adopted e-commerce as a key to the company’s future growth. Among the early ventures was a plan to begin selling appliances through Home Depot, Inc.’s web site, a move aimed at revitalizing lagging appliance sales. In late 1999 Welch announced that he planned to retire in April 2001, but he did not name a successor. At the time, General Electric was one of the world’s fastest growing and most profitable companies, and boasted a market capitalization of $505 billion, second only to Microsoft Corporation. Revenues for 1999 increased 11 percent to $111.63 billion while net income rose 15 percent to $10.72 billion. These figures also represented huge gains since Welch took over in 1981, when the company posted profits of $1.6 billion on sales of$27.2 billion. Welch was not done yet, however. In October 2000 he swooped in to break up a planned $40 billion merger of United Technologies Corporation and Honeywell International Inc. The Honeywell board accepted GE’s $45 billion bid, which was set to be the largest acquisition in the company’s history. Honeywell was coveted for its aerospace unit, a $9.9 billion business involved in flight-control systems, onboard environmental controls, and repair services. The addition of this unit was expected to significantly boost the GE Aircraft Engines unit, creating a global aerospace giant. Welch agreed to stay on at General Electric through the end of 2001 in order to see the acquisition through to fruition. He did, however, name a successor soon after this deal was announced. In November 2000 Jeffrey R. Immelt won the succession battle and wa s named president and chairman-elect. Immelt, who joined GE in 1982, had most recently served as president and CEO of GE Medical Systems, a unit with revenues of $12 billion. Immelt’s two chief rivals in the race to become only the ninth CEO in GE’s long history, W. James McNerney Jr., head of GE Aircraft Engines, and Robert L. Nardelli, head of GE Power Systems, soon left the company to become CEOs of 3M Company and Home Depot, respectively. Rather than serving as a capstone for a much admired reign of leadership, the Honeywell deal instead provided a sour ending for the Welch era. In the summer of 2001 the European Commission blocked the deal on antitrust grounds as 11th-hour negotiations between the European regulators and GE executives broke down. Welch finally retired soon thereafter, with Immelt taking over as chairman and CEO in September 2001. Meanwhile, one last major deal was initiated prior to the leadership handover. In July 2001 General Electric’s G E Capital unit agreed to pay $5.3 billion for Heller Financial Inc., a global commercial finance company based in Chicago that had total assets of about $19.5 billion. This deal, the second largest in GE history, behind only the 1986 deal for RCA, was consummated in October 2001. Also during 2001, GE Lighting had the largest product launch in its history when it introduced the GE Reveal line of light bulbs, which were touted as providing â€Å"a cleaner, crisper light† because the bulbs filtered out the duller yellow rays commonly produced by standard incandescent light bulbs. GE began feeling the effects of the economic downturn that year as revenues fell nearly 3 percent, to $125.68 billion; profits nevertheless increased 7.5percent, reaching $13.68 billion, though that was a far cry from the yearly 13 to 15 percent increases that Wall Street came to expect from GE during the Welch era. Immelt began to place his imprint in earnest on GE in 2002 through major restructurings and several significant acquisitions. Midyear he launched a reorganization of GE Capital. The financial services unit was divided into four separate units to streamline management, increase oversight, and improve transparency. The new units were: GE Commercial Finance, GE Consumer Finance, GE Equipment Management (involved in equipment leasing and loans), and GE Insurance. Also during 2002, the GE Appliances and GE Lighting units were combined into a new GE Consumer Products unit. On the acquisitions front, NBC widened its media holdings through the April 2002 acquisition of Hialeah, Florida-based Telemundo Communications Group Inc. for $2.7 billion and the $1.25 billion purchase of the Bravo cable network, completed in December of that year. Telemundo owned the second largest Spanish-language television network, as well as nine U.S. TV stations and the leading TV station in Puerto Rico. NBC hoped to tap into the growing Hispanic market via the deal. Bravo was known for its intelligent, arts-oriented programming such as Inside the Actors Studio, and it provided NBC with its first entertainment-oriented cable property. Also during 2002, GE Specialty Materials acquired BetzDearborn, a leading maker of water treatment chemicals, from Hercules Inc. for $1.8 billion. In addition, GE Industrial Systems spent about $777 million for Interlogix, Inc, an Austin, Texas-based manufacturer of electronic security products and systems for commercial, industrial, and residential use. All told, General Electric spent approximately $9 billion on industrial acquisitions alone during 2002. Concerns about whether the company could continue its stellar earnings performance and about its accounting practices sent GE’s stock sharply lower in 2002. The stock ended the year trading at $24.35 per share, less than half of the high price for 2001. Once again, profits rose modestly, to $14.12 billion, or about 3 percent. Taking advantage of the economic downturn to acquire desirable assets from distressed sellers, GE’s deal-making appetite grew only larger in 2003. That year was the company’s biggest acquisition year yet, with deals worth a collective $30 billion either completed or announced . In August the company agreed to buy Transamerica Finance Corporation’s commercial lending business from AegonN.V. of The Netherlands for $5.4 billion. The deal, which added about $8.5 billion in assets to the GE Commercial Finance unit, closed in January 2004. Also during the summer of 2003 GE sold three of its slower growing insurance businesses: Financial Guaranty Insurance Co., Tokyo-based GE Edison Life Insurance Co., and GE’s U.S.-based auto and homeowners insurance unit. About $4.5 billion was raised through these divestments. As part of its effort to shift emphasis to higher growth fields, General Electric completed two significant acquisitions in healthcare. In October 2003, Instrumentarium Corp. was acquired for $2.3 billion. Based in Finland, Instrumentarium was a major medical-equipment maker with a product line that featured devices for anesthesia, critical care, and patient monitoring. That same month, GE agreed to buy Amersham plc, a British firm specializing in diagnostics agents used during scans of the body for disease, gene-sequencing tools, and protein separation for high-tech drug development. Consummated in April 2004 and valued at about $9.5 billion, the purchase of Amersham stood, very briefly, as the largest acquisition in General Electric history. Following the Amersham acquisition, GE Medical Systems, now a $14 billion business, was renamed GE Healthcare. Based in the United Kingdom–the first GE unit to be headquartered outside the United States–GE Healthcare was headed by Amersham’s former chief executive, William Castell; Castell was also named a GE vice-chairman, the first outsider to be so named. Meanwhile, also in October 2003, General Electric announced an even larger deal, a $14 billion acquisition of Vivendi Universal Entertainment (VUE), the U.S. unit of the French group Vivendi Universal S.A. Among VUE’s assets wer e the Universal Pictures movie studio, the specialty film unit Focus Features, the Universal Television production outfit, cable channels USA Network and Sci-Fi Channel, and theme parks in California, Florida, Japan, and Spain. Upon completion of the deal in May 2004, NBC was merged with VUE to form NBC Universal, which was 80 percent owned by GE and 20 percent by Vivendi. This expansion into entertainment content mimicked earlier combinations involving the ABC and CBS television networks. Continuing his transformative leadership, Immelt reorganized GE’s 13 business units into 11 focused on specific markets and customers. The reorganization, effective at the beginning of 2004, brought similar businesses together in an effort to increase sales and cut costs. The most significant of the changes included combining the firm’s aircraftengines business and its rail-related operations in a new GE Transportation unit; merging most of GE Industrial Systems with GE Consumer Prod ucts to form GE Consumer & Industrial, which focused on lighting products, appliances, and integrated industrial equipment, systems, and services; and forming GE Infrastructure from certain operations of GE Industrial Systems and GE Specialty Materials. Also in January 2004, GE continued disposing of its insurance operations. That month, General Electric launched an initial public offering (IPO) of about one-third of the stock of the newly formed Genworth Financial, Inc., which consisted of the bulk of GE’s life and mortgage insurance businesses. The IPO was planned for completion by mid-2004, after which GE planned to make Genworth fully independent within three years. What was left of GE Insurance was mainly its reinsurance business, which was long rumored to be another candidate for divestment. Overall, through the myriad moves engineered during just a few years in charge, Immelt was seeking to cut General Electric’s reliance on financial services and mature industrial businesses in favor of such higher growth areas as healthcare and entertainment. He was also building operations in fast-growing economies such as China’s. By 2005, GE was aiming to outsource $5 billion of parts and services from China and simultaneously grow sales in China to a like figure. Further divestments were also expected, and there had long been speculation that the slow-growing lighting and appliances businesses were prime candidates. Through initiatives such as these, Immelt hoped to return General Electric to double-digit earnings growth by 2005. Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/general-electric-company#ixzz1c6xpDIo9

Is Childhood Behavior Better or Worse Than It Was Years Ago? Essay

Family life compared to a hundred years ago is on the decline. Everyone moves at a fast pace these days. My Father and Mother are working to maintain the home, while my sisters and my brother are left to their own devices and there isn’t a coming together to sit down and communicate on some level. There just doesn’t seem to be enough time in the day. Technology has advanced so much compared to a hundred years ago, that we are well on our way to fuel less cars and robotic companions. Yet, with advanced technology comes the added responsibilities to maintain and seek out other avenues for even far move advanced technologies to help support the life styles we have come accustomed to. Is this then better than before when we were thankful just to have light and running water in the house? Education is by far better today than a hundred years ago! The fields of learning have been opened up to boys and girls equally to seek out far greater possibilities than were even imaginable a hundred years ago. Yet, with this privilege of learning has came a decline in our education system. The lack of adequate teachers, the high rise in disrespect for authority, just the lack of caring whether you learn or not has affected our education system. A hundred years ago the thought of a higher education was just a dream for most. If you acquired a fifth grade reading level you were doing good. Learning was a privilege, and yet today we cast an education around as if it were an article of clothing. While there has been such great strides in our would today compared to a hundred years ago, we have missed out on the carefree, thankfulness, and appreciation of the things and others around us. We take for granted what we hoped to have or even imagined we could have years ago. But now in this generation child behavior is much worse than it was years ago. Disrespect for authority figures. The fault lies with the parents to be sure. We are told to cater to our childrens emotional â€Å"needs† and that coperal puminshment is bad for them. Children require constant training, patience and love – most of todays parents are too busy or selfish to make this kind of investment. If children are allowed to control and manipulate their parents as in the description above, the parent will be helpless to teach that child anything.

Narrative Essay Skills Essay Example

Narrative Essay Skills Essay Example Narrative Essay Skills Essay Narrative Essay Skills Essay Essay Topic: 8th Grade Narrative Writing Lesson plans and other teaching resources Action Chains Students learn to elaborate on an event in a narrative by expanding their sentences into action chains. Expanding single actions into an action chain provides the reader with a more detailed picture of an event in a narrative. This lesson is designed for grades 3-5. Active Beginnings This 3-page printable handout focuses on crafting strong leads. It is designed for elementary students and requires Adobe Reader or compatible application. Constructing Narratives: A Unit Plan for Taking Apart and Reconstructing Stories This lesson is designed as a project-based unit plan that will take students through the narrative process from deconstruction to construction. After initial discussion, students will use an interactive story map to deconstruct a short story. Students will use pictures to put together a PowerPoint-based storyboard that other students will use to construct a story. This unit is designed for grades 6-8. From Object to Story: Writing a Historical Narrative Featuring an Artifact from Ones Family History Students share observations about the history of familial artifacts. They then research the history and cultural significance of selected objects to prepare their own historical narratives. Includes short reading as prewriting activity. Getting Hooked: Introduction for a Narrative Students will be able to identify techniques for writing an introduction for a narrative and use them effectively. This lesson is designed for grades 2-4. Hands, Hands, Hands Writing a Narrative Essay from the Perspective of a Particular Hand The teacher will show pictures of six hands to students (pictures included with other handouts). After a brainstorming session, students will choose one hand that illustrates a particular story from their life. Then students will write a two page narrative essay about this story. These stories will be posted on a class blog to allow for feedback and discussion from classmates. In Search Of Wisdom: An Interview With An Elder Students develop interview questions, interview someone aged 60 or older, and write a narrative using that persons voice. Incorporating Flashbacks in Narrative Text - The Sinking of the U. S. S. Indianapolis Students watch a 2:25 video segment that shows an interview with one of the survivors of the U. S. S. Indianapolis who recalls the sinking of the ship and his survival. Students then create an original narrative that utilizes flashback to tell the survivors story. This lesson is designed for grades 8-10 and includes links to the downloadable video and all support materials. Make Kids Writing Shine: Using Beginnings and Endings to Teach Craft Strategies to build elementary writing skills. Scroll down for revision and assessment ideas, resources. Memory PreservationOne Relative at a Time After organizing and conducting an interview of a grandparent/senior citizen, students create a slideshow presentation using the information and memorabilia collected at the interview. This lesson plan includes rubric and model. It is designed for 8th grade. Narrative Writing Reading Core Skills Lesson Plan Creating a story is like magic! Grab your magicians hat and wand for this activity. Teach core curriculum concepts of narrative writing (story creation) through the use of characters, setting, and plot. Also teaches skills needed to meet language arts reading and writing core curriculum standards that require the ability to describe characters, settings, and major events in a story. Designed for elementary students. Nibble, Nibble, Little Mouse Students in grades 6-8 explore the implications of point of view in literature and write a narrative, retelling a traditional story from a different characters point of view. A Pictures Worth a Thousand Words Students are given a picture that tells a story. They brainstorm words and ideas, then write a story based on what they see. This lesson is designed for grades 6-8. Note: more ideas for teaching the personal narrative can be found on the Biography page. Prewriting Exercises for Personal Narratives Ten activities for personal narrative writing. Savvy Story Structurestudents learn to actively engage in reading by becoming more familiar with the elements of a story. Students will be required to think at a higher level and will enhance their understanding of selected passages and stories. Students should also begin to relate stories to their own lives. Designed for grades 3-5. Ten Narrative Writing Prompts These prompts are designed for high school and college students, but it might be possible to modify some of them for younger students. Tir Nan Og This 4:04 video offers many options: introduction to linear narrative, making predictions, sequencing, writing descriptions, adding dialogue. Using Music to Teach Personal Narrative Students use songs like Snapshots and Crossing the Border to reflect on their own experience. From the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Using Personal Photographs to Spark Narrative Writing The lesson plan asks students to bring in a photograph that has special meaning for them and to write about it. Using Pictures to Teach Narrative Writing with Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry Students respond to pictures depicting segregation. They write a story from the point of view of someone in the picture. Writing to Photography/Photography to Writing A teacher designed this project with two goals in mind: (1) to improve students writing by incorporating photography into descriptive and narrative writing exercises designed to inspire more varied and creative perspectives, and (2) to enhance visual as well as verbal literacy.

Diabetic Macular Edema Essays

Diabetic Macular Edema Essays Diabetic Macular Edema Essay Diabetic Macular Edema Essay Diabetic macular hydrops ( DME ) is considered to be one of the chief causes of vision decrease in people with diabetes. The chief purpose of the article is to prove if intravitreal Aristocort ( IVTA ) followed by optical maser intervention is an effectual intercession to command DME in comparing to laser intervention merely. Study design: Randomized, Double Blind, Prospective, placebo-controlled survey Population: 84 eyes of 54 patients with DME ( either type 1or 2 ) and who have with macular thickness more than 250 micrometers were included. Intervention: IVTA followed by optical maser ( intercession group ) VS optical maser intervention merely ( placebo group ) Primary Result: bettering Visual Acuity ( VA ) of 10 letters or more at 24 months. Apparatus/materials: an injection of 0.1 mg/ml on the twenty-four hours of the baseline was given to both groups but an empty syringe without a acerate leaf was used to mime the feeling of force per unit area on the oculus for placebo group. Data aggregation process: Patients with DME, aged over 18, ocular sharp-sightedness ( VA ) of 19-68 letters ( 6/12 6/120 ) and retinal thickness more than 250 micrometer were included in survey. Patients with uncontrolled glaucoma, glaucomatous ocular field defect, retinal optical maser intervention within 4 months, and intraocular surgery within 6 months, or any status impacting follow-up or certification were excluded from the survey Type of informations collected: every 3 months for 12 months VA, cardinal macular thickness ( CMT ) and intraocular force per unit area ( IOP ) were measured utilizing Goldman applanation tonometry, optical coherency imaging and tonometer severally. Consequences: At 24 months, betterment of 10 or more logMAR letters was seen patients with intercession group in comparing to placebo group. Study quality: Random allotment and allotment concealed: Eligible eyes were indiscriminately assigned to either intercession or placebo group, so that any possible bias/biases while choosing participants for survey is/are avoided. In order to avoid subjective bias the staff members who were involved in handling patients were non allowed to apportion patients to their groups. Patients were involved in the survey utilizing consecutive numbered, sealed opaque envelopes prepared from a list of computer-generated pseudorandom Numberss of variable block size. The allotment was concealed. Two groups of participants were formed and indiscriminately 42 eyes were assigned to interventionand42 were assigned to placebo group. Double masked survey: the survey was dual cloaked and therefore participants involved in survey were blind to type of intercession they were having. Because sometimes patient s consciousness about the intercession they are having could take to witting or unconscious prejudice subjective prejudice, hence has the ability to annul the consequences. The staff involved in intervention was blind to patient s group allotment in order to avoid observer bias. Because perceiver prejudice has menace to analyze s internal cogency. Therefore information about patient s group allotment was concealed in a filing cabinet of another clinical coordinator in the section who was non involved in survey at all. Adequate followups: All participants were reviewed at the same clip. Participants from both groups were seen after every 3 months for every 12 months and their IOP, best-corrected VA and CMT were measured utilizing the same method/technology. 11 instances had uncomplete informations: 8 topics were lost to follow- up after their 12 month visit 1 topic missed his concluding visit 2 topics passed off ITT analysis: it was an intention-to-treat analysis because all the participants results were analyzed by the groups to which they were originally included. Quality of the survey: Even though it was a RCT, dual masked, placebo controlled survey, but the quality of the survey quality was reduced to due to little figure of participants ( merely 42 per group ) involved in the survey. Even though the survey was able to accomplish its primary purpose, but there was no statistically important difference between the 2 groups ( p = 0.47 ) with regard to some of import primary results including average VA and CMT. Consequences: The survey found that IVTA followed by optical maser intervention is an effectual method to command DME comparison to laser intervention entirely. In order to prove effectivity of IVTA plus optical maser intervention all patients VA, CMT and effects of cataract surgery were measured throughout the whole survey period. At 24 months, 36 % patients ( 15/42 ) of intercession group had addition in logMAR VA of 10 or more letters ; whereas merely 17 % patients treated with optical maser intervention merely had increase in VA of 10 or more letters. Based on logistic arrested development analysis p value of 0.47 was obtained, which which indicates that the odds of accomplishing an betterment of 10 letters or more of best-corrected VA in eyes treated with Aristocort before optical maser is 2.79 times higher ( 95 % assurance interval, 1.01-7.67 ) than in eyes treated with optical maser merely. Throughout the survey period, regular lessening in CMT was besides noticed. Participants of intercession group showed a regular lessening in CMT whereas the IVTA plus optical maser patients showed instant decrease after 3 months. But there was no statistically important difference in average CMT decrease between the intervention groups (P=0.349 ) . To prove if cataract surgery had an impact on VA, consequences of VA collected at baseline were compared with the consequences achieved after 24 months and a p value of 0.86 was achieved, which indicates that cataract surgery did nt hold a important consequence on ocular result. Clinical or practical importance: A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; A ; shy ; Restrictions: little figure of patients were involved in the survey ( 42 per group ) . Although the survey successfully reached it aim but there was no statistically important difference between the 2 groups One possible beginning of prejudice which influenced the ocular result was high rate of cataract surgery in the IVTA plus optical maser group ( 61 % ) compared with optical maser merely group ( 0 % ) . Approximately 13 % patients were dropped out trough out the survey period. Strengths: the survey is utilizing RCT to apportion patients to either intercession or placebo group in order to avoid prejudice every bit much as possible. The survey is dual cloaked hence topics, research workers and outcome asserors were blind to the survey. Objective results standards was used to apportion topics to their groups every bit good as when consequences were recorded. Sing the P value ( =0.047 ) every bit good as the strengths and failings it is believed that the survey can be used clinically. Over 2 old ages, IVTA plus optical maser intercession has the ability to better vision by dual comparison to laser intervention merely. Even though there were few inauspicious effects associated with IOP and cataract surgery but the research suggests that usage of IVTA followed by optical maser intervention is an effectual intercession to pull off DME in certain eyes, hence to better VA.

When Do AP Scores Come Out 2019

When Do AP Scores Come Out 2019 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you've taken an AP exam recently or plan to take one soon, you’re probably wondering: when do AP scores come out?Unfortunately, you have to wait a bit longer for AP scores than you do for SAT/ACT scores. Keep reading to find out exactly when AP exam scores come out. In addition, learn where to find your AP scores and get tips on what you can do as you wait for them. AP Score Release Dates for 2019 AP scores are released each year in early July.While you’ll get all your scores at once, note that scores are rolled out over a few days. They are also released by rough geographic region. For example, in 2016 all the states on the east coast got their scores first, whereas those in the northwest got theirs last. Like in 2016,2017, and 2018, in 2019 AP scores will come out on July 5, and all of them will be released by July 9 (except for late-testing exam scores, which were released in August). The specific dates and times for AP scores in each state are listed below: 2019 AP Score Release Date States/Regions Friday, July 5* Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas Saturday, July 6* Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia Sunday, July 7* Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia Monday, July 8* California, Michigan, Ohio, Oregon Tuesday, July 9* Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming Canada, US Territories, International *All release times are 8 am Eastern Time (ET). If you're taking a late or alternate exam date, your score will be ready between mid-July and late August. Learn more about the 2019 score release schedule at the College Board website. How Do I Get My AP Scores? AP scores are posted online on theAP student website. You'll be able to access them through your College Board account, so make sure you have your username and password on hand. You’ll also need your AP number orthe student ID number you used on your AP answer sheet. AP scores are only available online- you won't get a letter or score report in the mail. (Back when I was in high school, though, and as recently as 2013, scores were only mailed and usually arrived in mid-July. You should be excited about the online score system since it’s much faster!) Worried about your SAT/ACT score? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Why Does It Take So Long to Grade AP Tests? While the fact that AP scores come out online saves some time, why does it take the College Board two months to grade AP exams when you can get your SAT scores after just a few weeks? The reason for this is that it takes a long time to grade free-response questions.Although the multiple-choice sections are graded by a computer, free responses aren’t graded until the annual AP Reading conference in June. The 2019 conference dates go fromJune 2 to June 18. This event is basically a huge conference where thousands of high school teachers and professors gather to grade all the free-response sections on AP tests. The AP Reading usually lasts about two weeks. Since it doesn’t start until June (to accommodate teachers’ and professors’ schedules), this makes the AP scoring process take longer. This is an actual picture from the 2013 Reading conference for AP Studio Art. Each portfolio is looked at by more than seven graders! Read more here if you're curious about what happens during grading. Once the conference is done, the College Board must work quickly to combine the free-response scores with the multiple-choice scores; this process involvesweighing and then scaling them to the final 1-5 scoring scale. Readers have just two weeks to do all of this before final AP scores are posted online in July. Even though the entire scoring process takes two months, it’s actually quite a feat for more than four million AP exams to be graded by real people every single year! Still Waiting for AP Scores? What to Do in the Meantime Since there's no way to see your AP scores before they're posted online, you’ll have to be patient and find a way to occupy yourself in the meantime. AP exams end in early May, but because most school years last until late May or June, try tofinish the school year strong. Your GPA is very important in college admissions, so use your time (now that the AP tests are over!) to maximize your grades, especially in your AP classes. Additionally, since you'll likely be taking finals around this time, make sure to study hard for these so that you can walk away from the class with a grade you're proud of. Finals often count for a big percentage of your overall class grade, so don't put off studying for them! If you're a freshman or sophomore, you might want touse this time to jumpstart your ACT or SAT prep. It might seem early, but the earlier in your career you begin studying for these tests, the more familiar you'll become with them (and the better you're likely to do). If you're a junior, you’ve hopefully already taken the SAT/ACT at least once. However, if you haven’t, definitely use the time after your AP test to study for one.If you've already taken the SAT/ACT but plan to retake the test, try to dive into your studies once you're done with AP tests. If you’re a senior, you'll likely have already gotten your college decisions by the time AP tests are done, so finish the year strong and enjoy graduation! What to Do After You Get Your AP Scores If you've passed your AP exams,start exploring the College Board's college database to see where you can get credit for your scores. You can also read about the College Board's score reporting serviceand begin thinking more about the college application process (if you're a junior). It won't be too long until you'll be filling this out for the first time. Start researching your options now! On the other hand, if you didn't pass an AP test, you might want toconsider retaking the exam next year, especially if it’s a course you want to get college credit for. Talk to your guidance counselor and/or AP teacher to discuss your options. Finally, check back online in August to see if you qualified for any of the AP Student awards. These are basically awards you get if you earn a certain number of passing scores on the AP tests. If you win an award, it will be included on any score reports you send to colleges. Nice! What’s Next? Above, we mentioned using your time after APs are over to jumpstart your SAT/ACT studying. Here are some of our best resources you can use: Develop an SAT/ACT studying timeline to maximize your score Learn key strategies to improve your scores onSAT Math, Reading, Writing, and theEssay Hear aboutthe most common ACT mistakeand get tips onhow to write a perfect essay Find practice tests for both the SAT and the ACT, for free online Use your dream schools tocome up with a target SAT or target ACT score Aiming for a perfect SAT/ACT score? Read our famous guides to scoring a perfect 1600 on the SAT anda perfect 36 on the ACT. Both were written by a full scorer! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Short-Run and of the Macro Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Short-Run and of the Macro Economy - Essay Example As the study outlines Keynesian theory gives focus on immediate outcomes in the economic theory and will focus on short term policies set by the government and how they can be used to improve the economy. The Keynesian theory is built on the belief that the government will be responsible for the economy and will lay down policies that will put the economy in a favorable state. These will include policies such as monetary and fiscal policies, which are used to regulate the economy. The neoclassical theory is based on a free market hence the forces of demand and supply shape the economy. A change in quantity demanded is generally the increase or decrease in demand that is brought about by a change in price of the product which results to a change in quantity demanded. This implies that the change in the quantity demanded will be altered only because of a change in price whereas shift in demand is caused by other factors other than price. Change in quantity demand involves a movement al ong the demand curve.

President Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

President - Assignment Example The cuts and spending are provided in the succeeding section. There should be a reduction in international affairs by 15%. Spending on general government, natural resources and environment, energy, veterans’ benefits, and general science should also be reduced by 15%, 15%, 10%, 2.5% and 20% respectively. On the other hand, I propose a 20% increase in spending on military operations. Additionally, transportation, education, health, and administration of justice should each have a 5 percent increase in spending. Lastly, community and regional development should have a 2.5% increase in spending. The budget deficit will be $199 billion hence an improvement in the capacity of the country to meet its budgeting demands. An increase in spending on defense will ensure that the country’s security situation is enhanced. Terrorists especially the al Qaeda group have been targeting the country for a very long time. There will also be an improvement in infrastructure, quality of employee skills, health, distribution of national resources, and administration of justice as a result of the increased spending in the respective areas. On the other hand, the hand will experience strained relationships with developing nations as a result of reduced spending on international

Personal Service Failure Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Service Failure Story - Essay Example The check in time was scheduled at 9 p.m. on December 19, 201x. On that particular night, the weather was identifiably difficult with strong winds and a downpour of rain that made travelling from work to the hotel difficult. One therefore arrived at XYZ Hotel at exactly 9:45 p.m. and approached the front desk clerk to check-in through the previously made and paid reservation. Upon checking on the reservations and the room assignments, the front desk clerk apparently found out that the room previously reserved for me has been given to another guest who arrived earlier and needed the room due to the bad weather. After waiting for 30 minutes and since I did not arrive on time, they surmised that I would not arrive and gave the room to the other guest. Since the hotel was then fully booked for the night, without available rooms, the front desk clerk advised me to go to the next hotel (ABC Hotel), which is their affiliate hotel, which is several miles away. The service failure story is common in the hotel industry. The proximate cause of the failure to deliver the expected and appropriate service was the need to have abided by the reservation within a stipulated time frame, which differ depending on hotel policies. In this case, the hold time stipulated was just 30 minutes and if customers did not relay any message that they would be late but would come, the reserved rooms would be given to other guests who need it. In other hotels, the moment that the customers defaulted on the time of arrival, without giving prior notice or advise for any delay, the customer would already consider the reservation in default and could provide the previously reserved room to other guests. There was a failure on both parts regarding enhancing awareness for the hold time for reservation. Since I made the reservation one week ago, there was no apparent knowledge for any weather disturbances to occur on the date of booking. On

Dr. Kings Letter from the Birmingham Jail Assignment

Dr. Kings Letter from the Birmingham Jail - Assignment Example o gauged by commentaries in Bible which became apparent after Professor Glenn Sunshine’s and Professor Robert George’s discussion referring to the beliefs of equality in Christianity. Even though these commentaries, necessarily, do not coincide with the practices of social segregation on the name of religion or ethnicity, the ideologies hidden beneath the meaning of these commandments indicate Jesus’ message towards human equality irrespective of their belief of God through Jesus Christ or any other pronouncer of truth as per the scriptures. The phrase â€Å"work of the law† in this respect directs the compassion or sentiments perceived by a human character to abide by the norms mentioned in his believed scriptures treating those as God’s law and act accordingly. This further resembles the prominence of such beliefs being imbibed within a human character and the society at large which is phrased as â€Å"written in their hearts†. As was explained by Craig Bluemel, followers of Jesus Christ have often misunderstood the commandments to inscribe a segregation of the followers of Jesus from the believers of another pronouncer of Godâ€℠¢s verses. In his words, â€Å"...Christians say that unless a person repents and believes in God ONLY thru Jesus Christ, that he or she is going to spend eternity in hell... For years, I avoided answering this question directly, because, quite frankly, I had no proof from Scripture that such a notion by Christians exists (i.e. that God sends people to hell that never hear the gospel)† (Bluemel, â€Å"Q & A Series: Please explain Romans 2:14-15†). A quite similar depiction can be obtained from the social phenomenon inscribed in Dr. King Jr.’s letter, where tribes were being segregated on the basis of their â€Å"work of the law† built with strong belief on God through Jesus Christ or rather Christianity; thus indicating social segregation grounded on racial as well as religious differences (King, Jr., â€Å"Letter from Birmingham

Toledo War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Toledo War - Research Paper Example In fact in the map, it was to be shown in its actual place that belonged to Michigan (Jones). The tug of war between the Michigan and Ohio was because Toledo was at the planned end point of Miami and Erie canals. Until the year 1830, the crises touched upon its height during the course of canal construction. The factor of the tussle was because of the awareness that the region was agriculturally fertile. To optimum use of agriculturally rich land, the availability of transportation was inevitable. Unfortunately because of transport, the agriculture produce was not available in the area. In the light of 1825 legislation, two navigational canals were built. This has further narrowed the strip of land. Despite the mentioned development, Toledo was conveniently located on the mouth of Lake Erie (Jones). We may call Toledo War of 1835, as the Battle of Phillips Crossing or the Ohio-Michigan Boundary War. The said war comes on the limelight due to historical dispute with regard to the boundary line between Michigan and Ohio. The disputed boundaries are familiarized as the Toledo Strip. The major part of Ohio falls within the ambit of cited strip (Mitchell).   The dispute was not because of only one factor. It has caused number of factors, which included poorly created maps. The example of which is placement of southern tip of Lake Michigan wrongly, the ambiguous language of  Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the diversified interpretations by Michigan and Ohio coupled with unhealthy political activities, and egos (Mitchell). On February 6th 1835, Governor Lucas informed the lawmakers of Mason’s proposal. He had no desire to appoint any commissioner and impressed upon the lawmakers to declare Ohio’s jurisdiction up to the Harris line so as to direct the concerned officials to exercise their authority over the Toledo Strip (Rollins). In order to ensure legal authority of relevant officials and to shun the foreign interference, the Michigan State in the month of

Climate Change and Management and Mitigation Term Paper

Climate Change and Management and Mitigation - Term Paper Example In the contemporary environment of fast advancing technology and rapid globalization, climate change has become a major concern for the environmentalists. The various drivers of climate greatly contribute towards sustenance of life and determine characteristics and distribution of ‘natural and managed system including the cryosphere, hydrology and water resources, marine and freshwater biological systems, terrestrial biological systems, agriculture, and forestry’(Parmesan and Yohe, 2003; Thomas et al., 2004). The managed system can broadly be defined as systems that have considerable human input like agriculture, health etc. Hence, the interdependence of the systems becomes an important factor for the wider implications of climate change. The rapid advancement of technology has brought about a massive change in our lifestyle which has not always been in our best interest. Some of the ways and means, which have contributed to our better living conditions, have also brought certain challenges in its wake that needs our urgent attention. The limited natural resources like water, land and fresh air are being taken for granted with scarce regard for the future legacy that our children are going to inherit from us.   The history has been witness to gradual and abrupt climate change through the millions of years which has been responsible for the extinction of living organisms, including plants, animals and human life. The changes in the physical geography of the earth have also been contributed to the abrupt changes in the earth’s climate caused due to some known and unknown factors. The Eastern Island Civilization and Maya civilization ar e prime examples of climate change caused primarily due to the widespread ramification of a highly developed society and urbanization.  

Toledo War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Toledo War - Research Paper Example In fact in the map, it was to be shown in its actual place that belonged to Michigan (Jones). The tug of war between the Michigan and Ohio was because Toledo was at the planned end point of Miami and Erie canals. Until the year 1830, the crises touched upon its height during the course of canal construction. The factor of the tussle was because of the awareness that the region was agriculturally fertile. To optimum use of agriculturally rich land, the availability of transportation was inevitable. Unfortunately because of transport, the agriculture produce was not available in the area. In the light of 1825 legislation, two navigational canals were built. This has further narrowed the strip of land. Despite the mentioned development, Toledo was conveniently located on the mouth of Lake Erie (Jones). We may call Toledo War of 1835, as the Battle of Phillips Crossing or the Ohio-Michigan Boundary War. The said war comes on the limelight due to historical dispute with regard to the boundary line between Michigan and Ohio. The disputed boundaries are familiarized as the Toledo Strip. The major part of Ohio falls within the ambit of cited strip (Mitchell).   The dispute was not because of only one factor. It has caused number of factors, which included poorly created maps. The example of which is placement of southern tip of Lake Michigan wrongly, the ambiguous language of  Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the diversified interpretations by Michigan and Ohio coupled with unhealthy political activities, and egos (Mitchell). On February 6th 1835, Governor Lucas informed the lawmakers of Mason’s proposal. He had no desire to appoint any commissioner and impressed upon the lawmakers to declare Ohio’s jurisdiction up to the Harris line so as to direct the concerned officials to exercise their authority over the Toledo Strip (Rollins). In order to ensure legal authority of relevant officials and to shun the foreign interference, the Michigan State in the month of

Case review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case review - Essay Example ts’ willingness to massively punish large corporations financially, the latter ironically suggests what claims could arise if such a practice were to be over-applied. It is clear by both cases that a balance must be struck which finds a middle-ground between the two extremes. In 1992, Stella Liebeck bought a cup of coffee from her local drive-through McDonald’s restaurant in New Mexico. Having stopped to sugar the coffee, she spilled the contents over her lap upon trying to remove the lid. Her upper legs, groin and buttocks suffered third-degree burns and she spent over a week in hospital to undergo skin grafts and a further two years of treatment. As a result, she lost a considerable deal of weight, and incurred medical costs. A battle then ensued between McDonald’s and Steinbeck, over a settlement for Steinbeck’s medical costs – McDonald’s initially would not cover even the medical costs, and offered a modest $800. Steinbeck then brought a claim of gross negligence, stating that the coffee manufactured by McDonald’s was defective and unreasonably dangerous. McDonald’s refused all offers to settle for various sums of money before the trial took place. The main issue surrounding Liebeck’s case was the temperature at which McDonald’s served its coffee. It was argued that the high temperature would cause third-degree burns in very little time, and that a slight reduction would provide valuable time allowing the spillage to be removed from the skin and reduce the extent of burns. McDonald’s argued that serving coffee at such a temperature would allow it to be drinkable for a long period of time, and that those buying it at the drive-through would want to drink the coffee over (or after) a prolonged period of time. It came to light that 700 other reports and claims existed of other customers being burned by McDonald’s coffee (McDonald’s v Greenlee), although McDonald’s argued that this was not a sufficient number to lower the